Lecture 11 - Investigate
Journalism
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Welcome to the second last lecture EVER! Quite a sad time it is.. in the lecture this week we learnt about the “Ins” of investigative journalism. These included five main elements: Intelligent, Informed, Intuitive, Inside and Invest. The next part that I found very interesting was the deeper definitions and purpose of investigative journalism. Words were defined and a key idea was given for each. These included four main points:
· 1. Critical and thorough journalism:
· Critical = the journalist is an active participant
· Active intervention – the key idea
· Thorough – journalist makes a substantial effort
· 2. Custodians of conscience:
· Investigation takes society’s morals and norms and
holds breaches up to public scrutiny: in other words, what they call “civic
vice” is exposed for society to respond
· 3. To provide a voice for those without one and to
hold the powerful to account
· Social justice – power to the powerless, voice to the
voiceless
· Public Interest – Key idea
· 4. Fourth estate/fourth branch of government/watchdog
· Fourth estate – journalists represent the interest of
those without power to balance the power government
· Fourth branch of government - Journalists ensure free
flows of information necessary for the functioning of democracy by
interrogating the judiciary executive and legislature
· Watchdog – Journalists make accountable public
personalities and institutions whose functions Journalists make accountable
public personalities and institutions whose functions impact social and political
life
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We were then told what shoe leather journalism was, basically it is putting in the hard yards to achieve a story or piece. When it comes to gathering the facts and information for a particular newsworthy story, there are key concepts to understand such as standing back, looking at the big picture, taking nothing for granted and being skeptical not cynical. Some historical trailblazers were then looked at and these included Edward Hall Smith (The Sydney Monitor 1826) who campaigned against the use of convict labourers, W.T. Stead who was one of the first investigative
journalists and was involved with the maiden tribute of modern Babylon campaign 1885. He also raised the age of consent from 12 to 16. Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein (1872-74) were involved with Watergate. Chris Masters, Phil Dickie and Shaun Hoyt created The Moonlight
State which was a 4 corners episode. Finally, there was Julian Assange, the creator of Wikileaks.
· Each of these trailblazers have something in common, they all changed the world in one way or another.
Local investigative journalism includes shows and media such as Crikey and Australian Story. We were told within the lecture to always check your facts and assume nothing, to expect whistleblowers to go crazy after they have told a story or facts. There are many types of investigation interaction and these include interviews, observations, documents, briefings, leaks, trespass and theft. In regards to interviewing, there are a numerous interviews conducted with on-the-record sources as well as, in
some instances, interviews with anonymous sources for example, whistleblowers. With observing, this is the investigation of technical issues, scrutiny of government and
business practices and their effects. There are many types of documents that can be analysed to gain information for a story, some of these are law suits, legal documents, tax records, corporate financials and FOI (Freedom of Information) material. Triangulation was then defined as "do what you were told" and to make sure that what you saw lined up/matched up with what was recorded.
Finally, the threats to investigative journalism was outlined. A very clever formula was given about online news that basically, less money = less journalists + less time
= less investigative journalism. The issue of Journalism vs PR was brought up and how PR was propaganda by truth, that PR used a selective use of facts
to present a persuasive case to the public. On the other hand, Journalism was about verifying the ‘facts’ in ‘the public interest’. Basically, if there is a growth in PR, there is a shrinkage in journalism. The differences between PR and Journalism are quite large as PR involves resistance to exposure, dodging questions,
massaging talent and cleaning up stories whilst Journalism focuses more on no intervention, no show leather, lack of
depth and formulating reporting.